Hardship refers to the relative difference an expatriate and their family are likely to experience and the relative impact on their lifestyle when moving between different locations.
In assessing how much to pay an expatriate, it is important to take into account the relative hardship, in terms of quality of living conditions between locations, and assesses the relative level of difficulty that will be experienced in adapting to a new location.
The Xpatulator.com High and Extreme Hardship Premium Locations (30%-40% Premium) as at July 2016:
Abidjan in Cote D’Ivoire 40%
Abuja in Nigeria 30%
Accra in Ghana 20%
Adana in Turkey 30%
Addis Ababa in Ethiopia 40%
Ahmedabad in India 30%
Alexandria in Egypt 40%
Algiers in Algeria 30%
Almaty in Kazakhstan 40%
Amman in Jordan 30%
Ankara in Turkey 30%
Antananarivo in Madagascar 40%
Apia in Samoa 30%
Ashgabat in Turkmenistan 30%…
http://www.xpatulator.com/cost-of-living-article/International-Hardship-Premium-Locations-2016_693.cfm