Europe Expat Cost of Living Comparison Rankings August 2016


Zurich and Geneva are ranked as the first and second most expensive expat cities in Europe and the 5th and 6th most expensive cities in the world for expatriates. This is due primarily to the strong Swiss Franc which has maintained its position against the US Dollar despite the dollar’s strong showing in 2015, as well as due to high rentals and institutionalized high wages.

Despite the fact that there have been moderate price increases in most of Europe, the Euro has weakened against the US Dollar which has resulted in lower USD prices, pushing Euro cities down in the global ranking, only one of the top ten most expensive cities in Europe is on the Euro (Monaco).

Oslo is the world’s 7th and Europe’s third most expensive city as at August 2016. Oslo was the most expensive location in Europe in 2014, however the weaker Norwegian Krone (more than 18% weaker against the USD by the end of 2015) resulting primarily from the lower global oil price and subsequent weaker oil sector.
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America Expat Cost of Living Comparison Rankings August 2016


Hamilton in Bermuda is the most expensive location in the Americas, in 9th place globally; this is due to the high price of property and the fact that most items have to be transported to Bermuda adding a great deal to the cost of expatriate items.

New York (Manhattan) NY is the second most expensive location in the Americas, the most expensive city in the USA in 11th place worldwide, this is mainly due to the highly priced rental property market. Overall locations across the United States have climbed the rankings during 2015 as a result of the strong US Dollar against most other global currencies. The second most expensive city in the USA is Honolulu, HI ranked 5th in the region and 29th in the world, followed by San Jose in California ranked 36th in the world. In comparison the highest ranked city in Canada is Toronto, ranked 105th most expensive in the world in 2016.
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Asia Pacific Expat Cost of Living Comparison Rankings August 2016


Hong Kong has not only retained the top spot as the overall most expensive in Asia-Pacific, it has become the most expensive city in the world, mainly due to the extremely high housing costs, as well as high cost of schooling and limited space available making rentals high.

Singapore remains the second most expensive city in the Asia-Pacific region for expatriates (4th most expensive in the world) and tops the region rankings when costs related to housing, education, medical and transport are excluded.

Tokyo is the third most expensive city in Asia-Pacific. This is mainly due to the strength of the Japanese Yen, which has held steady against the USD, while most other currencies have weakened. In addition factors such as consumption tax increases have resulted in US Dollar prices increasing in global terms.

Shanghai is the fourth most expensive place for expatriates in the Asia-Pacific region, and 17th globally…
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Africa Expat Cost of Living Comparison Rankings August 2016


Luanda is most expensive city to live in the African region, and second most expensive city in the world. The Angolan New Kwanza (AOA) is approximately 36% weaker against the US Dollar compared to a year ago, extremely costly safe expatriate accommodation, imported produce and costly international private schooling has kept Launda at the top of the rankings in Africa.

Overall African countries are some of the poorest and least developed in the world, with relatively low local cost of living expenses; however the cost of importing and transporting the international standard of goods that expatriates expect to purchase in the cities in this region makes it extremely expensive to maintain the lifestyle that they are used to.
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The 10 Cheapest Low Hardship Cities For Expatriate Professional Migrants August 2016


The 10 cheapest low hardship cities for expatriate professional migrants as at August 2016 for all expat basket items from most cheap to less cheap are as follows:

1. Lodz (Poland-Europe)
2. Krakow (Poland-Europe)
3. Warsaw (Poland-Europe)
4. Port Elizabeth (South Africa-Africa)
5. Budapest (Hungary-Europe)
6. Durban (South Africa-Africa)
7. Klang (Malaysia-Asia-Pacific)
8. Gaborone (Botswana-Africa)
9. Subang Jaya (Malaysia-Asia-Pacific)
10. Port Louis (Mauritius-Africa)
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The Cheapest Low Hardship Countries For Expatriate Professional Migrants August 2016


The cheapest low hardship countries for expatriate professional migrants as at August 2016 for all expat basket items from most cheapest to less cheap are as follows:

1. Poland (Europe)
2. Hungary (Europe)
3. Botswana (Africa)
4. South Africa (Africa)
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International Hardship Premium Locations 2016


Xpatulator’s hardship ranking system measures the relative quality of living in each locations, and assesses the level of difficulty that will be experienced in adapting to each location.
The ratings for hardship are classified into four main groups, the first being those with no real hardship, while the three categories with hardship can be described as follows:
1) Some Hardship (20% Hardship Premium)
2) High degree of Hardship (30% Hardship Premium)
3) Extreme Hardship (40% Hardship Premium).
The Xpatulator.com High and Extreme Hardship Premium Locations (30%-40% Premium) as at August 2016:

Pristina in Kosovo 40%
Puebla in Mexico 30%
Pune in India 30%
Pyongyang in Democratic Republic of Korea 40%
Quito in Ecuador 30%
Rabat in Morocco 30%
Reykjavik in Iceland 30%
Riga in Latvia 30%
Riyadh in Saudi Arabia 30%
Roseau in Dominica 40%
Saipan in Northern Mariana Islands 40%
Samara in Russia 30%
San Jose in Costa Rica 30%
San Juan in Puerto Rico 30%

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International City Cost of Living 2016 for Expatriate Professional Migrants


The top ten most expensive cities in the world comprise three from Asia-Pacific (Hong Kong (1); Singapore (4); Tokyo (8)), three from Africa (Luanda (2); Asmara (3); Kinshasa (10)), three from Europe (Zurich (5); Geneva (6); Oslo(7)), and one from America (Hamilton(9)).
In Hong Kong the very high cost of housing and healthcare, as well as the strong Hong Kong dollar which is fixed against the US Dollar, are the main reasons for it being the world’s most expensive city.
As opposed to Hong Kong, everything in Luanda is expensive as almost all international standard goods and services are imported.
Asmara in Eritrea is the third most expensive city in the world for Expatriate’s to live. There are however very few Expatriate’s in Asmara, a city of around 649,000 people in a country of approximately 6 million.
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The Most Expensive Countries in the World for Expatriate Professional Migrants August 2016


The top ten most expensive countries in the world comprise three from Africa (Angola) (1); Democratic Republic of the Congo (5); Eritrea (7)), three from Europe (Norway (2); Switzerland (3); Denmark (8)), and four from America (Bermuda (4); Cayman Islands (6); Barbados (9); Bahamas (10)).

Angola is the most expensive city in the world for expatriate professional migrants mainly because almost all international standard goods and services have to be imported and due to the lack of infrastructure there are price premiums due to demand exceeding supply. The lower oil price and consequent dramatic reduction in revenue to Angola in 2016 has seen prices remain extremely high, largely as a result of the weaker Angolan Kwanza (down approximately 40% against the US Dollar in the past year) making imports extremely expensive.
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Transport Cost of Living Ranking August 2016


The August 2016 top 50 most expensive expatriate places for transport items such as fuel (petrol/gasoline), public transport, vehicle purchase and maintenance.
The international cost of living rankings (top 50) for transport items from most expensive location to least expensive are as follows:

1. Asmara
2. Oslo
3. Moroni
4. Zurich
5. Copenhagen
6. London
7. Banjul
8. Geneva
9. Yokohama
10. Osaka
11. Kobe
12. Thimphu
13. Kyoto
14. Nagoya
15. George Town
16. Helsinki
17. Tokyo
18. Bissau
19. Pyongyang
20. Brazzaville
21. Ouagadougou
22. Hamilton
23. Lilongwe
24. Zanzibar
25. Stockholm
26. Maputo
27. Sydney
28. Malabo
29. Southampton
30. Singapore
31. Nuuk
32. Kinshasa
33. Saint Helier
34. Reykjavik
35. Manchester
36. Vienna
37. Papeete
38. Lisbon
39. Dublin
40. Canberra
41. Adelaide
42. Rotterdam
43. Toronto
44. Amsterdam
45. San Jose CA
46. Riverside City CA
47. Glasgow
48. Luton
49. Djibouti
50. Dhaka
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